Code typography is such a neglected area, I'm glad to see any projects that touch on that. This reminds me of Suns Fortress language, which was designed also for scientific computing (afaik more in HPC sense), and also allowed rendering code into pdf with improved typography. Unfortunately lot of the original Fortress resources have linkrotted away, but there are some examples in this presentation (by Guy Steele!) https://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/150FP/archive/neal-glew/mcrt/F...
Agreed, I've wondered why it's so ignored since I first learnt to program, and relatedly, why are programming languages strictly English-based?
Those slides are my introduction to Fortress. Sounds nice, sorry to hear it's discontinued. I'm struck by how similar to Julia it is (which is officially inspired by Fortress), for example the syntax, ASCII<->Unicode equivalence, encouragement of unicode identifiers and operators, and some (small) amount of eliding '*' for multiplication. (You can write "2(a + 1)a^2" but not "(a+1)(a+2)" because the latter is a function call. Whitespace between multiplicands not allowed.)
It seems it would be easy to write a package to display Julia code as HTML or Latex, although I didn't find one. There's already a library to print expressions as Latex, and of course in a Jupyter notebook results are displayed in HTML.
I checked the linked PDF[1] as an example, and the codeblocks are still just basic plain monospaced blocks with practically no typesetting done to them; very different from something like Fortress, or indeed this Forscape
It makes the code significantly easier to read but equally harder to write. In my opinion, mathematical formulas, while elegant and precise, aren't always designed with machine computation in mind. You often have to compromise on their beauty or precision to achieve reasonable time complexity, and sometimes it's necessary to make a mess to get there. But kudos to them for their work and effort.
This is super cool! Recently, I've been musing about the potential ergonomics of programming directly with rich typography, and here Forscape's kind of gone and done it.
The project seems to be specifically targeting working scientists, but I think there's real potential for using mathematical and math-like notation in a general programming language. The array language family does adopt a few of the affordances from math, and even that partial pick-up gives them some ergonomic features not seen elsewhere.
At the moment, we're kind of stuck in the paradigm of linear input, only using very limited typography for somewhat dumb syntax highlighting. Math-like notation is really nice at conveying semantics and intent in ways that are really challenging in current languages. For example, sub- and superscripts effectively act as function parameters but give extra freedom for conveying the different meaning and use of said parameters. Things like Haskell's generic infix syntax, named parameters, optional arguments, etc. can be seen as ways of trying to work around current limitations.
The biggest question for me is input, which Forscape seems to address quite nicely. We don't just want to typeset our code prettily, we want to have all the affordances of advanced typography directly available as we code.
I'd love to hear user stories from Forscape: Do you like the mouse-oriented editor experience or do you prefer keyboard shortcuts? What is easiest for you to express in Forscape the language? What is most challenging? Where does the system diverge most from the natural expression? For those with a programming or CS background, how easy is it to reason about memory access and execution? Etc.
Mathematica also has some fairly advanced typographic syntax. Matrices, subscripts, integral signs, with a decent input system to match. Type <ESC>dint<ESC> to get a definite integral with placeholders.
One particularly nice thing about it is that it's completely optional sugar over a lispy "FullForm" syntax, and it's easy to convert between the two.
I'd encourage everyone to play with it, but it's sadly non-free.
Upvoted. I have a love/hate relationship with Mathematica, but it is so far ahead of its time in a lot of ways. It's like Jupyter Notebooks dialed up by 100 and fully integrated with everything from linear algebra to calculus to graphics to graph theory to plotting to optimization and machine learning so on. I just find the functional like language (a term rewriting system) to be hard to grasp at times and it being a commercial product means it will eventually lose out in some ways.
If you asking this, you are the wrong audience. All academic journals accept submissions in Microsoft Word, this is a similar tool targeted at the WYSIWYG crowd.
TeXmacs can execute code too. Honestly, if it had 1/10 the community of Emacs, I would be using it for everything from running my window manager to driving my statistical simulations. It's already what Stallman keeps asking Emacs to become.
I may be missing the point, but I'm not sure there is really an audience for this...obviously nice math typography is important for publishing, but I doubt the set of people who are comfortable with advanced math but who see translating those operations into a traditional plain-text programming language as a barrier, but would be fine with a more math-like syntax, is very large.
Why a new language ? Honest question ? Couldn't it be done on top of say, Julia ? The typography thing is really cool, but having to code in yet another MatLab-clone is a bit annoying (or maybe I'm missing the point)
Code typography is such a neglected area, I'm glad to see any projects that touch on that. This reminds me of Suns Fortress language, which was designed also for scientific computing (afaik more in HPC sense), and also allowed rendering code into pdf with improved typography. Unfortunately lot of the original Fortress resources have linkrotted away, but there are some examples in this presentation (by Guy Steele!) https://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/150FP/archive/neal-glew/mcrt/F...
Agreed, I've wondered why it's so ignored since I first learnt to program, and relatedly, why are programming languages strictly English-based?
Those slides are my introduction to Fortress. Sounds nice, sorry to hear it's discontinued. I'm struck by how similar to Julia it is (which is officially inspired by Fortress), for example the syntax, ASCII<->Unicode equivalence, encouragement of unicode identifiers and operators, and some (small) amount of eliding '*' for multiplication. (You can write "2(a + 1)a^2" but not "(a+1)(a+2)" because the latter is a function call. Whitespace between multiplicands not allowed.)
It seems it would be easy to write a package to display Julia code as HTML or Latex, although I didn't find one. There's already a library to print expressions as Latex, and of course in a Jupyter notebook results are displayed in HTML.
Arguably the most successful effort in this space is:
http://literateprogramming.com/
I use it in a current project using LaTeX:
https://github.com/WillAdams/gcodepreview
I checked the linked PDF[1] as an example, and the codeblocks are still just basic plain monospaced blocks with practically no typesetting done to them; very different from something like Fortress, or indeed this Forscape
[1] https://github.com/WillAdams/gcodepreview/blob/main/gcodepre...
Yeah, I've been using the listings package and it doesn't have much support for Python and I had to hack together the settings for OpenSCAD.
If you know of a better LaTeX package to use, or better settings for Python or languages like OpenSCAD I'd be glad of them.
Mostly I need the LP stuff for managing multiple files, and the overview of the PDF and hyperlinked ToC and Index and so forth.
It makes the code significantly easier to read but equally harder to write. In my opinion, mathematical formulas, while elegant and precise, aren't always designed with machine computation in mind. You often have to compromise on their beauty or precision to achieve reasonable time complexity, and sometimes it's necessary to make a mess to get there. But kudos to them for their work and effort.
This is super cool! Recently, I've been musing about the potential ergonomics of programming directly with rich typography, and here Forscape's kind of gone and done it.
The project seems to be specifically targeting working scientists, but I think there's real potential for using mathematical and math-like notation in a general programming language. The array language family does adopt a few of the affordances from math, and even that partial pick-up gives them some ergonomic features not seen elsewhere.
At the moment, we're kind of stuck in the paradigm of linear input, only using very limited typography for somewhat dumb syntax highlighting. Math-like notation is really nice at conveying semantics and intent in ways that are really challenging in current languages. For example, sub- and superscripts effectively act as function parameters but give extra freedom for conveying the different meaning and use of said parameters. Things like Haskell's generic infix syntax, named parameters, optional arguments, etc. can be seen as ways of trying to work around current limitations.
The biggest question for me is input, which Forscape seems to address quite nicely. We don't just want to typeset our code prettily, we want to have all the affordances of advanced typography directly available as we code.
I'd love to hear user stories from Forscape: Do you like the mouse-oriented editor experience or do you prefer keyboard shortcuts? What is easiest for you to express in Forscape the language? What is most challenging? Where does the system diverge most from the natural expression? For those with a programming or CS background, how easy is it to reason about memory access and execution? Etc.
Thanks for sharing!
Mathematica also has some fairly advanced typographic syntax. Matrices, subscripts, integral signs, with a decent input system to match. Type <ESC>dint<ESC> to get a definite integral with placeholders.
One particularly nice thing about it is that it's completely optional sugar over a lispy "FullForm" syntax, and it's easy to convert between the two.
I'd encourage everyone to play with it, but it's sadly non-free.
Upvoted. I have a love/hate relationship with Mathematica, but it is so far ahead of its time in a lot of ways. It's like Jupyter Notebooks dialed up by 100 and fully integrated with everything from linear algebra to calculus to graphics to graph theory to plotting to optimization and machine learning so on. I just find the functional like language (a term rewriting system) to be hard to grasp at times and it being a commercial product means it will eventually lose out in some ways.
Insane. This must have been so much work, and it looks great, but I know I will never use it.
Why this rather than LyX, Texmacs, Jupyter Notebook, LaTeX (and a suitable editor), or Typst (and a suitable editor)?
If you asking this, you are the wrong audience. All academic journals accept submissions in Microsoft Word, this is a similar tool targeted at the WYSIWYG crowd.
you both are missing the main point here, Forscape is not for writing documents, but for writing executable code.
TeXmacs can execute code too. Honestly, if it had 1/10 the community of Emacs, I would be using it for everything from running my window manager to driving my statistical simulations. It's already what Stallman keeps asking Emacs to become.
Good point
I may be missing the point, but I'm not sure there is really an audience for this...obviously nice math typography is important for publishing, but I doubt the set of people who are comfortable with advanced math but who see translating those operations into a traditional plain-text programming language as a barrier, but would be fine with a more math-like syntax, is very large.
Why a new language ? Honest question ? Couldn't it be done on top of say, Julia ? The typography thing is really cool, but having to code in yet another MatLab-clone is a bit annoying (or maybe I'm missing the point)
Is the name a play on Farscape, or is that coincidence?